Edward S. Ross field notes

[Left page]

STOP 76 - U.P. : KICHHA XII-2-61 310 meters.

Just near the base of the foothills there is a section of terai-type forest. The groundcover is primarily tall grass. Conditions there were quite dry and general collecting was slow; bark collectiong was excellent in [a small letter scratched out] old fallen trees, however. 1500 specimens.

________________________________________________________________

STOP 77 - U.P. : DEHRA DUN XII-9-61 700 meters

Specimens collected in close proximity to buildings. Alcabal material taken under flakes of bark on garden trees. Weather partially cloudy and cool all day. 200 specimens.

______________________________________________________________

STOP 78 - U.P. : 5 MI. S.W. DEHRA DUN XII-9-61

Camped and collected in an old native sal forest 600 meters in

[Right page]

elevation. Grassy meadow and a large pond nearby. Most specimens were taken under flakes of bark on forest trees, under stones, dung, etc. 250 specimens.

______________________________________________________________

STOP 79 - U.P. : 11 MI. S. MUSSOORIE XII-10-61

Driving up the Dehra Dun-Mussoorie road, we stopped to collect on the steep rocky slope 1200 meters in elevation. Conditions on the sunny exposure were very dry. Chief vegetation-shrubs scattered about on the rocky slope among large Euphorbia bushes. Old decaying once-succulent Euphorbia branches produced weevils and some small burlese material. 150 specimens.

_____________________________________________________________

STOP 80 - U.P. : 2 MI. S. MUSSOORIE XII-10-61

A short afternoon stop 1800 meters

[Left page]

in elevation on a steep oak-covered slope. Grass dried and ground also very dry. Collected primarily under stones. 150 specimens.

_________________________________________________

STOP 81 - U.P. : 14 MI. S.W. DEHRA DUN XII-11-61

Specimens taken in a mixed forest (though predominately Sal) just at the base of the hills. Most material was collected under stones. Conditions in the forest and grassy fields were quite dry. 525 meters 200 specimens.

_________________________________________________

PUNJAB [underlined] (see also stop 100) [written in red]

STOP 82 - PUNJAB: 3 MI. D. AMEALA XII-11-61

A brief stop along the road. Collected under stones and dung beneath a grove of acacia trees. Ground very dry and dusty.

[Right page]

350 meters 100 specimens

_________________________________________________

WEST PAKISTAN [underlined]

STOP 83 - WEST PAK. : LAHORE XII-13-61 250 meters

Specimens were taken under stones in an old park adjoining the zoological gardens. Ground condition was moist. 75 specimens

STOP 84 - WEST PAK. : 3 MI. N. KAMOKI XII-14-61

Kamoki is a large brick village about 10 miles south of Gujramwala, on the Lahore-Rawalpindi Road. Specimens taken in a grove of trees in the midst of rather dry agriculture. 265 meters 75 specimens

________________________________________________

STOP 85 - WEST PAK. : 4 MI. N.W. KHARIAN XII-14-61 350 meters

[Left page]

Collected in a low range of hills under stones and bark. The old uplifted, soft sediments were heavily eroded, and the only vegetation consisted of sparse grass and several species of thorny bushes. Ground nearly dry under stones. 250 specimens.

______________________________________________________

STOP 86 - WEST PAK.: 13 MI. N.W. JHELUM XII-15-61 350 meters.

Four miles N.W. the little village of DINA lies an old range of hills, uplifted sediments and river gravels. The country-side, possibly through manmade destruction of an ancient forest cover, is now heavily eroded into a series of deep canyons and arroyos - a semi-desert bad-land. The only vegetation is grass and thorny shrubs. Specimens taken under stones primarily. Ground slightly damp, especially on shady

[Right page]

STOP 86 - in BATALI DHER FOREST, SOHAWA RANGE

exposures. 250 specimens

_____________________________________________________

Specimens taken under stones in an old hill range consisting of uplifted riverbed conglommerates and strata of sand. The rugged canyons are rapidly crumbling away; vegetation sparse - grass here and there between an occasional thorny bush. Ground under stones faily moist, especially on shady exposures. 150 specimens.

______________________________________________________

STOP 88 - WEST PAK. : 12 MI. N.E. RAWALPINDI XII-16-61 650 meters

Specimens taken on a rainy day on the Rawalpindi-Murree road. Countryside hilly and rocky; vegetation cover primarily scrubby bushes, varied by small trees (wild

[Left page]

olives and others). Ground wet from the rain. 200 specimens.

____________________________________________________

STOP 89 - WEST PAK.: 20 MI. NE RAWALPINDI XII-16-61 850-950 meters

Countryside similar to that of stop 88, though the hills were more steeper and more rocky. Shrubs were replaced by larger trees 10-15 feet high, olive being the primary species. Specimens taken under stones. Ground wet. 300 specimens.

____________________________________________________

STOP 90 - WEST PAK.: MARGALA PASS, NR. TAXILA XII-17-61

Specimens collected under stones mear the General John Nicholson Memorial in the pass. The slopes of the hills were sparsely covered with clumps of grass and small xerophytic bushes. Ground under stones was moist from recent rains.

[Right page]

625 meters 250 specimens

______________________________________________________

STOP 91 - WEST PAK.: ATTOCK XII-17-61 360 METERS

An ancient graveyard on a barren shale slope over- looking attock's historic Mogul fort was the locality for these under-stone specimens. Small, scatttered clumps of grass comprised the only vegetation. The soil was slightly moist about 3 inches below the surface. Sunny exposure. 250 specimens

_______________________________________________________

STOP 92 - WEST PAK.: 8 MI. E. PESHAWAR XII-18-61

NOTE - SPECIMEN LABELS BEAR THE DIRECTION "SE" - DIRECT "E" IS CORRECT. [written in red] Collected under stones and in the grass in a typical "roadside plantation", a strip of trees planted

[Left page]

along the Grand Trunk Road. Brisk, clear winter day; ground moist. 350 meters 100 specimens.

_____________________________________________________________

STOP 93 - WEST PAK.: 10 MI. S.W. KOHAT XII-19-61

Collected along the KOHAT - HANGU road at the junction of the MARAI PAYAN road. The area is located in the (KOHAT) valley basically, though we collected adjacent to some small hills, rather bare mounds sparsely clothed with small xerophytic bushes. Some specimens were taken under stones along nearby plowed fields. Ground moist. 650 meters. 250 specimens.

_____________________________________________________________

STOP 94 - WEST PAK.: 2 MI. W. CHERAT XII-20-61 1200 meters.

Cherat is located on a ridge in a crumbling range of red slates.

[Right page]

The slopes around Cherat are covered with small wild olive trees, thorny shrubs, and clumps of grass. Specimens taken under stones on a little ridge 2 miles road distance [underlined- road distance] down the hill from the town. Ground - that is, crumbled slate - moist, especially on the northern exposures where frost still lingered by mid-morning. Millepedes collected in the moist areas on the shady slopes. 250 specimens.

_________________________________________________________

STOP 95 - WEST PAK.: 6 MI. W. CHERAT XII-20-61 900 meters. 250 specimens.

- A short stop located on the Cherat road about 3 miles east of DAG, a small mud and stone village. The slopes of slate hills (those of stop 94) were covered with a scanty fauna of spiny shrubs and a few wild olives. Conditions of soil and aspect like those of stop 94.

[Left page]

STOP 96 - WEST PAKISTAN: TORKHAM XII-21-61 750 meters.

Collected briefly under stones on the Pakistan side of the Afganistan border, in the west end of Khyber Pass. Specimens taken in close proximity to the gravely stream bed. Sandy ground dry. The pass iteself bisects [line written through an erased word] rugged, bare slate hills. Weather clear and cool. 100 specimens.

_________________________________________________________

STOP 97 - WEST PAK.: W RATTOCK XII-22-61 300 METERS

While stop 91 was located on the east side of the Indus at Attock, stop 97 was on the west side. Specimens were taken under stones in a grassy field near the road and on the rocky slope covered sparsely with clumps of grass. Soil conditions in the area were quite

[Right page]

different from those of stop 91; instead of a dry ridge, the spot was a more shady moist slope, and slate was less prevalent. 200 specimens.

__________________________________________________________

STOP 98 - WEST PAK.: TAXILA XII-22-61 550 meters. 250 specimens.

Taxila, a series of ancient ruined cities (some dating to 7th century B.C.), is located in a small valley on the west side of Margala Pass. The archaeological sites are for the most part situated on large earthen and stone mounds which are surrounded by cultivated fields. The specimens were collected under the stones on or near the grassy slopes of the CHIRTOPE site. Soil moist.

[Left page]

STOP 99 - WEST PAK.: RAWAT XII-23-61 600 meters

Rawat, a mud-walled vilage on the Grand Trunk road between Rawalpindi and Sohawa, is the sight of Rawat Fort, an old stone ruin consisting of a large tomb (MAQBRA'S ?) and the graves of warriors. The fort dates back to the mid fifteen hundreds. The specimens were collected under stones around the fort itself. The surroounding area was fairly dry and entirely disturbed by agriculture. The immediate vegetation included a ground cover of small grasses and a few thorny trees (Leguminosae). Ground moist or slightly so. 200 specimens.

________________________________________________________

STOP 100-PUNJAB: AMBALA XII-25-61 350 meters 75 specimens_

Roadside trees, grass-covered ground, much like stop 82. Specimens taken

[Right page]

NEW DELHI & UTTAR PRADESH [underlined and written on top of page]

under stones and tree bark.

________________________________________________________

STOP 101 - NEW DELHI, INDIA XII-30-61 260 meters

The ARAVALLI RANGE, an ancient axis of hills now [a word blackened out] heavily eroded remnants of a once much larger range, extends its northernmost finger directly into the city of New Delhi and is known there as DELHI RIDGE. The vegetation is of course heavily disturbed by man, but scattered thorny bushes and some grass and weeds have escaped the axe and the ox. Specimens were collected under stones in a region of the gentle ridge not far from Palam Airport. Ground dry or slightly moist. 150 specimens

________________________________________________________

STOP 102 - U.P.: KITHAM LAKE NR. [written in pencil at a slant] 11 MI. W. [circled with pencil] AGRA XII-31-61 [written on same line as above] 200 meters 350 specimens.

[Left page]

Kitham Lake is located in a large area of preserved forest, consisting primarily of thorny, acacia-like leguminous trees. Specimens taken under bark and stones (though stones were scarce) Membracids collected on sucker twigs of the tree species itself. Conditions of the forest - very dry.

_____________________________________________________

STOP 103 -U.P.: NAGLA BIRBHAN, 30 MI. S.W. AGRA I-2-62 240 meters

Southwest of Agra, and 16 miles S.W. the small town of KAGAROL, there are two or three parallel NE.- S.W. ranges of low hills composed of hard red sandstone which in past centuries was transported to Agra and other cities, hewn into blocks, and used in the contruction of great monuments - AKBAR'S TOMB, the TAJ MAHAL GATES, etc. The hills are only narrow, rounded ridges rising out of the surrounding

[Right page]

plain. That conditions there are fairly dry the year around is illustrated by the xerophytic, thorny- low- growing shrubs and smallleafed, thorny DHOE [not sure of spelling] trees which comprise the sparse flora on the rock - strewn hills. Specimens collected exclusively under stones. Ground dry. 300 specimens.

(NAGLA BIRBHAN = NAME OF HILL RANGE) _____________________________________________________

RAJASTHAN [underlined] ALTERNATE [written in red pencil] STOP 104- RAJASTHAN: SPELLINGS MAHWAH I-5-62 MAHWA, 280 METERS MOHWA

Just on the outskirts of town, on the Barothpur - Jaipur road, an ancient, crumbling stone castle situated attop a small remnant Aravallis hill, constituted a short stone-turning stop. Ground conditions were very dry. Vegetation - small grasses. 250 specimens.

[Left page]

STOP 105 - RAJASTAHAN DAUSA I-5-62 1650 feet.

Dausa ([word blacked out] sometimes spelled DAOSA) is located near one of the many parallel ridges of the old Aravalli range. Specimens taken under stones at the base of hill. Vegetation - scattered shrubs, grasses, small legumes, and Euphorbia bushes. Conditions very dry. 350 specimens

__________________________________________________________

STOP 106 - RAHASTHAN: HILLS E. JAIPUR I-6-62 450 METERS 450 SPECIMENS

Collecting was productive under stones in these dry, semiarid, rocky hills, supporting only Euphorbias and other thorny xerophytes. Specimens were taken along the road to the Sun Temple, a road branching off of the

[Right page]

Barathpur - Jaipur road in the pass just E. of town. The eastern slopes of the hills in this area are thickly clothed in sand while the western slopes are rocky and blown bare of sand. Thorny trees seem to prefer the western exposure more than the eastern; the reverse is true for Euphorbia. Specimens were collected on both slopes and one vial (marked) of beetles, etc., was filled with insects under stones in a moist, shady spot. Ground conditions were dry elsewhere.

_________________________________________________________

STOP 107 - RAJASTHAN: KISHANGARH I-7-62 450 METERS 250 SPECIMENS

Specimens collected under stones on the gentle slopes of an old Araval-li ridge just N.E. of town. Vegetation consisted of Euphorbias, some low-growing herbs and grass which were quite dry and brown.

[Left page]

Ground very dry. Warm, sunny exposure.

___________________________________________________________

STOP 108 - RAJASTHAN: 5 MI. W. BEAWAR I-7-62 500 METERS 350 specimens.

This Aravalli ridge near Beawar is more rugged than the last. The steep slopes are composed of large granite boulders worn smooth from centuries of weathering. Here and there, in little gullies of granite sand, or on flat places, a few loose stones proved productive. Euphorbias and small thorny bushes were the plants chiefly seen there. Conditions extremely dry. 3 MI. E. OF THE LITTLE TOWN OF SENDRA-

_______________________________________________________________

STOP 109 - RAJASTHAN: BARR I-7-62 450 METERS 200 specimens.

[Right page]

This one - night camp was located in a soil conservation research plot N.E. of BARR, on the Beawar - Pali route. The area is ungrazed; a rich cover of grasses and herbs, dry and brown in January, grow on the rocky ground of the gently rolling hills. The semi-desert conditions are exemplified by succulent Euphorbias and throrny xero-phytes. Specimens were collected under stones (with the exception of a few moths and diptera which came to the light at night). Ground dry. Night cool.

_______________________________________________________________

STOP 110 - RAJASTHAN: HILL S. PALI I-8-62 275 meters

The hill on which these speci-mens were taken is unmistakeable. An isolated remnant of an Aravalli's ridge, it rises steeply out of the surrounding flat desert and, being the only high place near Pali, town of the fairs [not sure of word], has