Roy Tsuda's Field books

Algal Records #1

Roy T. Tsuda

Key to the Hawaiian Phaeophyta

1 - Fronds either dichotomous or possessing distinct stems bearing leaf-like structures having cylindrical bases - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 - Fronds neither dichotomous nor bearing leaves with cylindrical bases on stems - - - - - - - - - - 6

2 - Fronds dichotomous - - - - - - - - - - - 4

2 - Fronds not dichotomous - - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 - Leaves somewhat conical or triangular in cross section at their apices; thallus a spiny cone with peltate leaves - - - - - - - - - - Turbinaria ornata 3 - leaves flat or filament-like in cross section; thallus an ambient branched or non-branched frond bearing flat leaves - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sargassum (16)

4 - Fronds flat or, if oval, arising from one apical cell - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

4 - Fronds oval and solid in cross section with no distinct apical cell - - - - - - - - - - Dictyota (20) 5 - Fronds with a midrib; blades arising from several apical cells - - - - - - - - - Dictyopteris (23)

13 - With radial striations and sometimes concentric zones; usually quite free or only loosely attached to the substratum; margin one cell thick ---- Zonaria (29) 13 - With no zones or striations; usually adhering completely to the substratum or free only at the multicellular margin ----- Ralfsia occidentalis 14 - Thallus with holes ----- Hydroclathrus clathratus 14 - Thallus without holes ----- Colpomenia sinuosa 15 - Branches lax, of different lengths and only one cell broad ----------- Ectocarpus (30) 15 - Branches stiff, often unbranched in erect fascicles, of uniform length and multicellular in cross - section ---------- Sphacelaria (32) 16 Primary branches bearing proliferations between successive leaved of secondary branches --- 18 16- Primary branches smooth other than for branches and leaves ----- 17 17- Primary branches flattened to at least the secondary branch or leaf; receptacles spiney, branches sometimes angled; bladders on flatteneed petioles common ---- Sargassum echinocarpum 17- Primary branches flattened only to the first or compressed to the second or third secondary branch or leaf; receptacles smooth finger-like; bladders on round petioles, usually absent ---Sargassum obtusifolium

6- Frond parts filamentous, smaller in diameter than a hair _____________ 15 6- Frond parts not filamentous _______ 7 7- Thallus non-branched and hollow _______ 14 7- Thallus a solid flat or branched tubular structure __ 8 8- Thallus a blade or crust ________ 9 8- Thallus tubular ________ Rosenvingea (25) 9- Thallus a frond erect from the substratum ____ 10 9- Thallus a prostrate or largely-horizontal stiff crust or bracket _____________ 13 10- Fronds linear in outline; on upper intertidal rocks; unbranched and with no zones on the surface_________ Endarachne binghamiae 10- Frond broader than linear; on low intertidal rocks or growing below low tide line; often branched or with transverse zones on the surface _____________ 11 11- Fronds with an inrolled distal or apical margin ____________ Padina (26) 11- Fronds without any inrolled margins _____ 12 12- Segments of the thallus wedge-shaped and with transverse or radial zones ______________ Zonaria (29) 12- Segments of the thallus strap-shaped and lacking transverse and radial zones ___ Spatoglossum solierii

29- Thalli erect, transversely zonate, often irridescent blue in the water; colorless medulla two cells thick; about 8 to 14 cortical cells over each medullary cell or each surface ------- Zonaria crenata 29- Thalli prostrate, longitudinally striate, bright orange to dull brown in the water; the upper surface with the same number of cells as the lower surface often, over each medullary cell as the lower surface; medullary cells thick ----- Zonaria variegata 30- Intertidal, usually - dense tufts, cells up to twice as long as broad, hook-like or short lateral branches present; plurilocular organs about _ as long as broad --- Ectocarpus breviarticulatus 30- Subtidal, not densely tufted, cells becoming longer than twice their diameter, without hook-like or many lateral branches; plurilocular organs more than twice as long as broad ------- 21 31- Plurilocular organs oblong - cylindrical; thalli on rocks or epiphytic, generally over 1 cm. tall --- Ectocarpus indicus 31- Plurilocular organs pyriform to lanceolate; epiphytic, less than 1cm tall -------- Ectocarpus padinae 32- Propagulae with 2 cylindrical arms; branching with a unilateral tendency; usually epiphytic --- Sphacelaria furcigera 32- Propagulae with only 2 knobs; branching dichotomous to irregularly pinnate; thalli usually on inorganic substrata --- 33

26 - Thalli 4-10 cells thick, larger thalli becoming split into narrow segments; reproductory structures in two irregular rows between each line of hairs --- Padina erassa 26- Thalli 2-3 cells thick, entire or only the largest thalli split; reproductory structures in a single row between each row of hairs or between every other row of hairs -------------27 27- Reproductory structures above every second row of hairs, (one row may be on other side of thallus); thalli 2 cells (rarely 3 in places) thick throughout; with indusia over the reproductory structures --------- 28 27- Reproductory structures above every row of hairs; thalli becoming 3 cells thick below; without indusia over the reproductory structure --- Padina commersonii 28- Heavily calcified; rhizoids almost entirely from base of thalli and thus blades not adhering to one another above; upper layer of cells the thinner throughout ------ Padina japonica 28- Lightly or non-calcified; rhizoids appearing where thalli touch and thus blades adhering to one another and to other objects; the upper layer of cells the thicker in older parts ------- Padina sp. #9781

Species of Hawaiian Phaeophyta (green checkmark)=25 in set proposed (red checkmark)=collected

(pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 1. Chnospora minima (Hering) Papenfuss Dictyosiphonales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 2. Chnoospora implexa J. Agardh Dictyosiphonales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 3. Colpomenia sinuosa (Roth) Derbes & Solier Dictyosiphonales 4. Dictyopteris repens (Okamura) Boergesen Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 5. Dictyopteris plagiogramma (Montagne) Vickers Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 6. Dictyopteris australis Sonder Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 7. Dictyota divaricata Lamouroux Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 8. Dictyota friabilis Setchell Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 9. Dictyota acutiloba J. Agardh Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 10. Dictyota crenulata J. Agardh Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 11. Dictyota sp. 1 - Sandy Beach Dictyotales (pink cm) (green cm)(red cm) 12. Dictyota sp. 2 - Waikiki Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 13. Ectocarpus breviarticulatus J. Agardh Ectocarpales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 14. Ectocarpus indicus Sonder Ectocarpales (green cm)(red cm) 15. Ectocarpus padinae (Buffham) Savageau Ectocarpales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm)16.Endarachne binghamiae J. Agardh Dictyosiphonales (red cm) 17. Hydroclathus clathratus (C. Agardh) Howe Dictyosiphonales (green cm)(red cm) 18. Padina crassa Yamada Dictyotales (strikethrough)(pink cm) 19. Padina commersonii Bory Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 20. Padina japonica Yamada Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 21. Padina japonica sp. 1 - MD# 9781 Dictyotales (strikethrough)22. Padina sp. 2 - MD#19472 Dictyotales (pink cm)(green cm)(red cm) 23. Ralfsia occidentalis Hollenberg Ectocarpales

33- Lateral knobs with ultimate cell divisions longitudinal, i.e. transverse to axis of propagulum ------- Sphacelaria novaehollandiae 34- Lateral knobs with ultimate cell divisions transverse, i.e. parallel to axis of propagulum ------- Sphacelaria tribuloides

110

24. Rosenvingea orientalis (J. Agardh) Boergesen Dictyosiphonale (pink checkmark) (green checkmark) (red checkmark) 25. Rosenvingea intricata (J. Agardh) Boergesen Dictyosiphonale (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 26. Sargassum echinocarpum J. Agardh Fucales (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 27. Sargassum obtusifolium J. Agardh Fucales (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 28. Sargassum polyphyllum J. Agardh Fucales 29. (strikethrough) Sargassum piluliferum (Turner) C. Agardh Fucales (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 30. Spatoglossum fureigera Kuetzing Sphaeelariales (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 31. Sphacelaria furcigera Kuetzing Sphaeelariales 32. Sphacelaria novaehollandiae Sonder Sphaeelariales (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 33. Sphacelaria tribuloides Meneghini Sphaecelariales (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 34. Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh Fucales (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 35. Zonaria crenata J. Agardh Dictyotales (pcm)(gcm)(rcm) 36. Zonaria variegata (Lamouroux) C. Agardh Dictyotales