MS 425 (1902) - Minute Logic - Chapter I

Logic 51

explains it will insist upon applying itself to analogous phenomena and to others analogous to these again without stint. For that purpose it must be widened and probably simplified and rendered more agreeable to reason. It will not be content with explaining the history of thought but will aim to explain history in general. It will not be content with accounting for man but will wish to apply grasp all the forms in the universe which is greater than man. It will not be content with an accidental universe bit will wish to assimilate every possible universe that the mathematician can suggest. It will not be content with allowing to the unreflective view a sort of subordinate legitimacy but will insist upon elevating it to a truth in full harmony with its own. These tendencies are irrepressible in the long run they will cause that which they need to come into being.

Logic 52

But much more than that they are throughly reasonable and that which they call for ought to be. Now that which they demand above all is the fact that the admission that the world is reasonable resonably susceptable to becoming resonable or in other words that man is made after his maker's image. Such is my rude notion of what the method is to which Hegel endevours to impart exactitude. Vague applications of it recommend themselves to my faith bit I have never met with an attempt to state a transcendental argument with precision which began to convience me. At any rate when I reexamine the logics of more or less Hegalian tendency which have appeared in the last quarter of a century I must decline to allow any weight to such flummery. I do not mention earlier German works because they are still worse

Logic 53

On Metaphysics

4th Some works make it the bosat of their systems of logic use the same method though they rather keep the fact in the background despite the good ring of saying that one's logic is philosophical. Only if logic is to be a pavillion on the roof of metaphysics then metaphysics cannot conveniently be made an upper storey of logic as Aristotle and Kant the two greatest of metaphysical systematizers wouls have it to be. To me it seems that metaphysics not founded on the science of logic is of all branches of scientific inquiry the most shaky and insecure and altogether unfit got the support of so important a subject as logic which is in its turn to be used as the support of the exacted sources in their deepest and greatest questions. Some of the most celebrated logics however are written from the points of view of metaphysical sects.

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Aristotle's Organon

The Organon of Aristotle the title which the collection of his logical treatise recieved probably at the hands of Andronicles the Rhodian who put them together about 60 B.C. * opens with a metaphysical book the Categories or Predicaments although in that same treatise Aristotle evidently bases the metaphysics upon a grammatico-logical analysis of the Greek sentence. To this book was usually prefixed the treatise of Porphry on the Predicables. About half the scholastic works on logic are commentaries an the collection of books so formed. These works therefore base logic on metaphysics to some extent.

*'Organon' was first the name of the science given to it by the only Peripathetics because logic did not satisfy Aristotle's definitions either of Science or of Art. I fully accept the usual story about Aristotle's wrotongs lying some centuries perdus until they were rescued and put in order first by Apellicon and later by Andronicus. I consider the rejection of this story and consequent partial refusial to assist the authortication of Aristotle's works as we have them in German theory thank God but defended in English in "Richard Shute's" book one od the extravagancies of 'higher criticism.'

Logic 55 Philosophical Logic

Of logics which in modern times more or less take for granted special systems of metaphysics the earliest area or series of Aristotelian treatise. Gassendi wrote an Epicurean logic but of course knew nothing of of the book of Philademus on induction which turned up centuries later in Herculaneum. The celebrated Port Royal logic entitled L'Ari de Penser of Antione Arnauld (published in 1662) and Clauberg's Logica Vetus et Nova were Cartesian works. Malebranche wrote his own Recherche de la Verite (1674-5) which likewise professed to be Cartesian bit was in truth rather Malebranchian like much else called Cartesian. The Medicina a familiar name to algebraists stole the thunfer of Spinoza. Looked philosophy was represented in the treatise of Cerousaz Isaac Watts and perhaps we may add of Ceondillac. Leibnizianism sustematized by Wolff mumbered logic by the scores. Kantianism had its