Washington Literary Society Records, 1859-1895

12 THE PHOTOSPHERE. SOLAR ENERGY. WHATEVER may be the constitution of the sun, the energy expended in the solar ray is enormous. Every year it pumps from the ocean, water enough to fill a canal sixteen feet deep, a thousand miels in width, extending round the globe. But the heat required to vaporize a given amount of water, would melt nearly two-thirds the same volume of cast iron. The heat, therefore, which is extended in terrestrial evaporation would supply all the river channels of the earth with perpetual currents of melted iron of more than double their present volumes of water. But this is the measure of solar heat ninety-five millions of miles from its sorce. At its surface the sun would melt, every hour, a layer of iron two hundred feet in thickness. Its total heat concentrated upon a cylinder of ice 8,000 miles in diameter would melt it away at the rate of more than five thousnad miles an hour; and were a cylinder of iron, one hundred and twelve feet in diameter thrust int a furnace of equal heat as rapidly as fused, it must move with the velocity of light, of 192,000 miles in a second. But what is the origin of solar heat—and how is this vast expenditure of energy maintained? It is a well established principle in physics, that heat is but another expression for force; that whenever motion is destroyed, it reapears as heat, in exact proportion to the mass and velocity of the moving body. Now the solar system embraces not merely a few planets, with here and there a wondering comet, but teems with millions of planetary bodies which have hitherto escaped the power of the telescope. "There are more comets in the heavens than fishes in the sea," said Kepler; but beside planets and comets, there isanother and still more numerous class of bodies known as asteroids, which, coming in contact with our atmosphere, ignite from loss of motion, and we call them "meteors" or "falling stars" upon a clear night, scare an hour passes, but meteors may be seen darting athwart the sky. Sometimes the earth encounters "schols" of these asteroids, and they literally rain into our atmosphere, so

THE PHOTOSPHERE. 13 that many thousands of them have been observed in a single hour. Of the millions of asteroids which annually come within the influence of the earth's attraction, the vast majority are vaporized in the regions of the air; but whether arrested by atmosphere or earth, the amount of heat developed, is, in every case an exact equivalent of the motion destroyed. Should the earth fall to the sun, it has been computed that the heat produced by its concussion would cover the total expenditure of solar energy for a hundred years. Now, admitting, as seems possible, that countless millions of asteroids are continually being hurled with inconceivable velocities upon the surface of the sun, and remembering that every such asteroid by its impact develops as much heat as would result from the combustion of manp thousand times its volume of solid coal, we have a theory which, though it may startle by its boldness, nevertheless assigns an adequate cause to the maintanance of solar energy. The Wave. "Whither, thou turbid wave, Whither, with so much haste, As if a theif wert thou?" "I am the wave of Life, Stained with my margin's dust; From the struggle and the strife Of the narrow stream I fly To the Sea's immensity, To wash from me the slime Of the muddy banks of Time." —[LONGFELLOW.

14 THE PHOTOSPHERE. FLASHES. The oldest thing out—"When I was in Foo Chow," &c. The latest thing out—The "Photosphere." The most curious thing out—That eclipse by the Senior class. Out of pocket—The Editors. The last sensation—The Grand Hop. About "Ausgespielt"—The Sophomore class in German. Outrageous—Uniform at Sunday Chaels. Out in the Cold—The Ladies Literary Society. Out of Town—Bull's Opera Troope. A Grand mistake—The State College as a watering place. In Love—The Sophs with surveying. The Freshmen with Botany. The Juniors with Zoology. The Seniors with Astronomy, and Tex with the Bellfonte girls. In-sipid—Distilled water. Multum in Parvo—The mansion at the foot of the new College drive. The Cosiest room in the Institution—The Reading Room of the W. L. S. INFORMATION WANTED.—If it tkaes ten men to make a pin, and the price of last year's codfish is 9 cents per pound in Pine Grove, how long will it be before that Railroad is completed by the College, taking in to consideration the chance of a good watermelon crop in New Jersey. IN MEMORIAM. DELTA TAU DELTA. ALPHA GAMMA. Kissing Casuistry. "When Sarah Jane, the moral miss, Declares 'tis very wrong to kiss, I'll bet a shilling I see through it; The damsel, fairly understood, Feels first like any Christian should— She'd rather suffer wrong, than do it!" —[SAXE.

THE PHOTOSPHERE. 15 Ode to Centre County BY SHANKUS. "Is it where the cabbages grow so fast, That they burst with a noise like the thunder blast? Is it where, through the rich old limestone soil, The beets grow down as if boring for oil? Is it where the turnips are hard to beat, And the cattle get fat on nothing to eat? Where the Dutch girls marry whle yet in their teens And musquitoes kill agents for sewing machines? Where the Bullfrog sings sweetly, his evening lay, And even the Jay birds know how to eat hay? Is it where the potato bugs grow so fat That they roll on their backs and die, and all that? Is it where the College of Farmer's is, Surrounded by piles of dornixes? With the man at the head by the name of "Cold-ear," Whom every one loves (?) yet somehow don't fear? Is it where the damsels are witchingly fair? (A moral just here—young man with tall hair Of Bellfonte beauties, you'd better beware! They are all heart-smashers, so now take care.) Is it the land of the romantic toll-gate? Where whiskey and asses predominate? The land of Dornix, Sink-holes, and Belles? Is this Centre County? Your shoutin', old boss, it is!

16 THE PHOTOSPHERE. FRYBERGER & MORAN, GROCERS, RUMES' BLOCK, Next Door North of Post Office, BELLEFONTE, PA. We Sell Cheap; We Sell good Goods; We take all kind of Produce; WE DEAL FAIR, AND Guarantee Satisfaction TO ALL! WE ALSO SELL WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

THE PHOTOSPHERE. 17 LEGAL NOTICES. ISAAC LYTLE, ATTORNEY AT LAW. OFFICE WITH WM. P. WILSON, ALLEGHENY STREET, BELLEFONTE, PA. WM. P. WILSON, ATTORNEY AT LAW, BELLEFONTE, PA. OFFICE IN MRS. BENNER'S BUILDING. ADAM HOY. JAMES T. HALE. HOY & HALE, ATTORNEYS & CONSELLORS AT LAW, BELLEFONTE, PA. D. W. FORTNEY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, BELLEFONTE, PA. D. G. BUSH. SETH YOCUM. BUSH & YOCUM, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BELLETONE, PA. ALEXANDER & BOWERS, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BELLEFONTE, PA. J. SPANGLER, ATTORNEY AT LAW, BELLEFONTE, PA.

18 THE PHOTOSPHERE. MONTGOMERY'S Merchant Tailoring & Gents' Furnishing EMPORIUM No. 7, Brockerhoff Row, BELLEFONTE, PA. SUITS TO ORDER From the finest fabrics of Imported and Domestic Manufacture. FITS GUARANTEED OR NO SALE. 25 to 30 per cent. Cheaper than the Eastern Cities. THE LATEST NOVELTIES IN Hats, Caps, Straw Goods and Furnishing Goods. SHIRTS A SPECIALTY—and warranted to give entire satisfaction to the most fastidious. A FULL SUPPLY OF THE LATEST STYLE CAPS— THE "COLLEGE" AND THE "OPERA." SECHLER & COMPANY. No. 6, Bush House, BELLEFONTE, PA. WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF Teas, Coffees, Spices, Syrups, Crackers, Oranges, Lemons, Raisins, CANNED FRUITS, & c. JOBBERS AND RETAILERS IN ALL KINDS OF Heavy and Fine Groceries, Foreign and Domestic Fruits, Nuts and Confectionery, Sauces, Pickles, Jellies, Extracts, &c.

THE PHOTOSPHERE. 19 BROCKERHOFF HOUSE, Alleghany Street, BELLEFONTE, PA. D. JOHNSON & SONS, Proprietors. A FIRST-CLASS HOTEL; COMFORTABLE ROOMS; PROMPT ATTENDANCE; ALL THE MODERN CONVENIENCES, AND REASONABLE CHARGES. THE proprietors offer to the traveling public, and to their country friends, first-class accommodations and careful attention to the wants of guests at all times, at fair rates. Careful hostlers and good stabling for horses. An excellent table well served. Servants well trained and every thing requisite to a first-class hotel. Our location is in the business part of the town, near the Post Office, Court House, Churches, Banks, and principal places of business, rendering it the mst eligible place for those who visit Bellefonte on buisiness or for pleasure. An Omnibus will carry passengers and baggage to and from all trains free of charge. BOOTS, SHOES AND LEATHER. GRAHAM & SON have just received their stock of BOOTS, SHOES and LEATHER, for Spring trade. We have the largest and best assortment of Gents', Ladies', Misses' and Children's Shoes, EVER OFFERED IN BELLEFONTE. We have Ladies' Gaiters from $1.25 to $2.00 per pair. Gents' Fine Calf Boots from $4.00 to $5.00 per pair. Gents' Coarse Shoes from $1.50 to $2.25 per pair. CHILDREN'S COLORED SHOES OF ALL KINDS. In addition to our stock of Boots and Shoes we have a splendid assortment of HARNESS LEATHER, SOLE LEATHER, KIP, CALF SKINS and SHOE FINDINGS of all kinds, whch we will sell as low as any other house in the country. GRAHAM & SON, Bishop Street, BELLEFONTE, PA.

20 THE PHOTOSPHERE. New Styles! New Goods! Low Prices! NEW STYLE OF DRESS GOODS of every description, FROM THE FINEST SILKS TO THE CHEAPEST CALICOES. AN IMMENSE STOCK OF CLOTHING, CARPETS, OIL CLOTHES, NOTIONS, GROCERIES, Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes. I am opening, daily, large quantities of goods in the above lines. THEY ARE NEW. I URCHASED THEM CHEAP. I WILL SELL THEM CHEAP. NO BETTER ASSORTMENT IN TOWN, NOR GREATER INDUCEMENTS. COME AND SEE ME! ISSAC GUGGENHEIMER, No. 1, BUSH'S ARCADE, BELLEFONTE, PA. BOSTON BOOT AND SHOE STORE. LATEST STYLES AND BEST QUALITY FOR Ladies, Gents, Youths & Misses, and Children. EVERY ONE SUITED, BOTH AS REGARDS TASTES AND PRICES. CALL AND JUDGE FOR YOURSELF! Don't forget the place! - - No. 5 BUSH'S ARCADE, BELLEFONTE, PA. J. W. MOORE, PHOTOGRAPHER, PICTURES FURNISHED IN THE VARIOUS STYLES OF THE ART. PROMPT ATTENTION! GOOD PICTURES! PRICES LOW! High Street, - - BELLEFONTE, PA.

THE PHOTOSPHERE. 21 JOHN H. NEIDIGH, STATE COLLEGE, PA., DEALER IN TOBACCO AND SEGARS. FINEST BRANDS CONSTANTLY ON HAND. A full line of Students' articles, consisting of BUCKETS, BROOMS, LAMPS, NOTIONS, STATIONERY, FANCY GOODS, &c., &c., ALWAYS KEPT UP. WATCHES AND CLOCKS neatly repaired and satisfaction guaranteed. Produce taken in exchange for Goods. LIVERY STABLE JOHN C. ROTE BEGS leave to inform the citizens of Centre county, that he has opened and is now keeping one of the LARGEST AND MOST EXTENSIVE LIVERY STABLES IN BELLEFONTE HIS HORSES ARE GOOD AND SAFE. His CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, &c., are good and comfortable. RATES OF HIRE REASONABLE. The patronage of the public is solicited. Satisfaction promised.