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3.

to discover newer better processes in production and distribution.
It means that industry must be eager to make use of the results of
scientific research and to adopt scientific methods. It means more.
Research cannot be left only to the universities or to the private enterprise
of great business corporations. It must be an activity of the State
itself, a recognised function of government.

I think this duty is pretty well recognised today by the
chief nations of the world. Let me take three examples. Russia,
first of all. Perhaps Russia is not quite a fair example, for after
a revolution a country has to be built on a new model from the bottom,
and is therefore a fair field for scientific construction since
there is very little traditional debris to hinder. Moreover, it is
not very easy to be quite certain as to what is happening in Russia.
But the facts, so far as we can judge, are impressive. Russia's
annual expenditure on research seems to be about five hunored million
dollars and her research budget is being annually increased.
There are over eight hundred institutes engaged in the work and
nearly fifty thousand scientific workers. Even if these figures require
to be drastically scaled down it is clear that Russia recognises
to the full the importance of applied science in national life.

I pass to Great Britain. There we have first of all the
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research which covers a large
proportion of British industries, and which is responsible for the
National Physical Laboratory, the Fuel, Food and Building research
institutions, the Biological survey, and other lesser matters. Its
annual budget is about two and a half million dollars. Then there is