Farfel Research Notebooks

The Tecord Interpreter - A Collection of Abbreviations Ref. ZIIII M23 Latin Works + Names

elongated nibz = nibus 3 or a certain variety of z ending below the line + hugging the letter preceding it sometimes represented by a character resembling a modern q or n above the line - in early German books - it stands also for as and ass title qz q3 = que (or quod, quis or qusm) ta = tam nata = natura pnuntiatione = pronunt q = que c = con ca = contra qndo = quando p = per (par, pir, por, pur) ppl'i = populi pp ter = propter p= pre aut = autem b; = bus p e=est = with usq = usque q or q = quam pm9 = prima q or q = qui uno qz = unoquoquo q = quae qd = quod peccat or 4 = peccatorum (ram, ras, res + ris) ei = eri dni = domini xpm = istrum p7 = post nnos = nostros xpi = christi s = sunt fpr = spiritus h = hasc y= u x = ver y = etiam fcof = sanctos % = est qd = quod bfi (beati) g6 (ipitur) nob = nobis dci (dicti) =n (enim) p = pro fu (frater) y = 150 h = hoc nr (noster fz = sed qm (quoniam) u = vero qn (quands) g = ergo tm (tantum) c = cum tn (tamen) n = non

Capital letters were only 23 in number - V served for U, I for J + W was not needed in a Latin book.

Books in Manuscript 2nd edition revised 1920 London Falconer Madan Kegan Paul, Trench, Truber + Co. Ltd. R. Z105 M17

Abbreviation by Contraction - 3 chict kinds in the middle Ages A) by abbreviative signs, 7 in number value 1) -or- above preceeding letter m or n 2) s or 3 " er, re, ri, in or - 3) 7 above but after preceding letter us 4) z or s " preceding letter ur 5) c on line con or com 6) : than; then 3 " [q]ue, et, - (b)us 7) 4 " rum or m Thus mud^7 (1, 3) 7C^5t at^2 (5, 2, 4) plurib; (6) mensa4 (7) There are also a few general signs such as Exon = Exonia, Exonianses etc.) resp (regis) p = ser p = pre p = per p = pro B) Abbreviation by position of letters 1) vowels over preceding letters indicate suppression of r before or after the vowel. Thus c^a men = crimen, u^e bi = uerbi not ubi 2) Q omits its u, if the vowel following is written over q. THus q = quo C) Abbreviation by omission. The first + last letters must be given, + usually one medial; the word must be in common use; + as in all cases of contraction, a line must be drawn over the contracted part, e.g. vij (videlicet, our viz.) lre (litere) 3tr (similiter) oro (oratio)

Incipit = here beginneth Explicit = here is unfolded or rolled out to the end

Sepientiar - wisdom Ecclesine - Church Ecu - behold Protesta - grant In illo tempore - at that time

- over 50% of the writers whose words were printed in the 15th C were Italian. 15th C. authors heavily outnumber all the other writers whose books were printed in this century. -some 72%

Incumabula - 45% - religion 10% - law 10% science 30% - literature 5% - misc.

Clande Marks 914.4031 M34 (Santa Clara) Apart from the influence of Provencal verse in Italy + Catalinian the most vital impact fo the great use of troubadour poetry was felt in Germany + Austria with the Minnesingus of the late 12th + 13th centuries. The Manesse Codex is the largest collection of Minnesingen poems It was compiled in Zurich in the early 14th Century. SOng manuscript from the Abbey of Weingarten now in Stuttgart.

Point System - originated in 1737 with Puine Fournier 72 points to the inch 1 point = 0.0138" with 12 points making 1 pica "brevier" = 8 points

Colin Clair 1472 The 2nd press in Milan was established by Philippus de Lavagnia. His name is last found in 1490.

Scholderen 50 Essays Panfilo Castaldi (1471) - 1st printer - Milan a) Antonius zarotus (his foreman) b) Philippus de Cavaniis of Lavagna 1st book - 25 March 1472. 60 or so books connected with him 1st foreman - Joannes de Sidriano. 2nd - Valdarfer. 3rd - Pachd + Scinzenzeler. after 1480 - Lowagna wored as a traveller for a publishing independent editions.)

although the owner of a press it is doubtful if Lavagna was the actual printer of the books he published wich were prob. the work of his 1st foreman - Sidriano

- Milan produced more than 810 incunabula - Bologna about 300.

as far as number of editions printed in the 15th C, the Bible was easily outshipped by publications chiefly intended for school use - Postrinale, Ars minor.

Before the printing appeared, 2 gread faces already had begun to dominate European intellectual life: religious reformation + humanism. Both of these movements were served well by the new craft, but religion was foremost in the subject matter of incunabula. According to one estimate, nearly 1/2 of the 40,000 titles + editions issued between 1450-1500 were of a religious character with Bibles leading. (133 editions of the Later Vulgate version - printed in 15C) Updike 15C Gothic types 1) Pointed (lettre de forme) formal - Fracktur A. 2) Round (lettre de somme) less formal 3) Vernacular Cursive black letter like the French batarde intended primarily. Roman B. (Called in Germany Antiqua) 1) Transitional 2) pure roman.

for printing books in German - later known as schwabacker - looped b, d, h, l the tailed f + s are characteristic.

$12.50 The Book Douglas McMurtrice 1943 f655 M16

Encyclopedias - Middle Ages #238 Pliny's Natural History #95 Isidore's Etymologius #151 Vincent of Beauvais - Mirrors #239 Bartholomaews Anglieus - The Properties of Things W. Orcutt Z 155 .065 - contains facsimile of page with type similar to mine - Filippo de Lavagna - banished from Milan for homicide in 1465 - pardon granted him on Dec. 16, 1469. Aug. 3, 1471 - printing first introduced into Milan by Antonio Zarotti, (d. 1510) a native of Parma - issued his Festus, De verborum siginificatione, - COla Montano on Aug 6, 1473 joined with Lavagna + Christo foro Valderfer, of Ratisbon, in a new partnership.

Osler - Incunabula Medica (1467-1480) Z 1008 B 581 #19 Bender Brunet - Manual du libraire Gesant bataly de Wiegendrncke

#16 - Pacificus of Cerano (or of Novara) 1424-1482 - Fanciscan Pacificus Ramota was born at Cermo, diocese of Novara, + became a Friar Minor in 1445. He excelled both as a popular preacher + as a writer of moral theology, his Summa Pacifita [inserted] hs is buried at Cerano. [end inserted] being much used by his conteporaries. 1452-71 he was missioner to the Italian country population, tala on he was sent by Sixtus IV + various monasteries in matters of reform. also to preach the crusade against the Turks "A casuistic treatise for confessors"

Mainz 1454 1454 Germany Strassburg 1459 1465 Italy Bamberg 1461 1468 Switzerland Koln 1466 1470 France Augsburg 1468 1473 Holland 1473 Belgium Nurnberg 1470 1473 Austria - Hungary Speier 1471 1474 Spain Ulm 1473 1477 England Lubeck 1475

Basal (Swiss since 1501) Berthold Ruppel * Johann Amerbach * Johann Froben * Johannes Oporimus 1543 Vesalius De humani corporis fabrica 667 pages roman type

control of Archbishopi of Mainz {struggle waged from June 1459 - late in 1463} (city sacked by Adolph of Nassau) - exiled from Mainz after 1462 when religious rivalry disrupted industry there, printers sought working locations in other countries. - The 1st rag paper was made about the year 1300 + the trade of paper making soon becaem an important one in Italy Fabriano, Italy (c 1270) - watermark - 1st volume printed in Paris in French - Les Grandes Chroniques de France - 1477 - Paquies Bonhomme - 1st book printed in French - Recucil des Histories de Troyes - Bryges, by Caxton Missal ad usum Sorum - London - Punson, 1520.

Jacob Eber *Heinrich Eggestern *Martin Flach Matthias Brant Strassburg Latin Bible $460 * Johann Mentelin 1st Strassburg printer Bartholomaeus Kistler * Heinrich Kroblachtzen Adolph Rusch of Ingweiler [inserted] Thomas Anshelm of Baden *The 'R' Printer (Adolph Rusch) C.W. Cinis Argentinensis [end inserted] Directorium hanenae vite 1488 - *Johann Pruss *Johann Schitt * George Husner *Martin Schott *Johann Reinhard, Gruninger Wilhelm Schaffener Matthias Hupfuff around 1450 - Gutenberg started to print by 1460 - there were 3 presses at work in Europe 1470- 17 1480 - 122 1490 - 202 1500 - 247 Printing introduced into Spain at Valencia in 1474. Lambert Palmart - 1st Spanish printer.

Milan (in Haebler 110 leaves) 1) Antonius Zarotus* 6) A. Bonus 2) Leonhard Pachel und 3) Ulrich Scinzenzella 4) Johannes Bissolas und 5) Benedictus Mangius Gunter Zainer - Augsburg - died 1478 Johann Zainer - Ulm "pecia" (piece)

BMC I p. xx the quotation of the types in which a book is printed by means of the average measurement of 20 unleaded lines multiply the height of the type page by 25 + dividing it by the number of lines it contains - margin of variability I 2 on either side.

- Aramaic - the vernacular speech of the Jews + took a place beside Hebrew in their religious + literary life. It was the language spoken by Jesus + the Apostles and probably the original language of the Gospels as well. - no original manuscript of any of Shakespeare's plays is known to or[?] ist - a curcumstance which greatly enhances the importance of the early printed editions. 1st folio (1623) published by 2 of his fellow actors. Wm.. Shakspe Basel * Berthold Ruppel - 1? assistant to Gutenberg * Michael Wennsler * Johann Froben

Vol. I Brit M. Cat. Printer of the 1483 Jordannus de Quedlinberg Prior to the Sermons of Jordanus de Quadlinburg completed in 1483 this anonymous printer appears to have printed several books in types still retaining their original measurment of 99 mm which were subsequently filed down to 91 mm. He was almost certainly at work in 1482, perhaps in 1481. Joannes Balbus Catholicaon (not after 1483) 411x288mm larger capitals supplied in red + blue, smaller capitals in red + blue alternately, paragraph marks, initial-strokes, + underlines in red. Georg Husner, who became a citizen of Strassburg by marriage in 1470 put his name to one printed book in 1473, + to be registered is the tractatus contra vicia completed 5 Dec 1498. There was enough anonymous printing done at Strassburg to keep several pressed busy + if Husner only signed 3 books at the beginning + 1 at the end of his career he may during a long period have been active as a printer without signing any at all. The R Printer (Adolph Rusch) Goff B22 + 23 Catholicon - both about 1470 f^0 443x311mm Q, R large capitals in blue + red, small captials + paragraph marks in these colors alternately

1st Swiss Bible (1530) octavo - Froschauer, Christoph Zurich - Zwingli's pritner Neuchatel Bible 1535 - printed by Pierre de Wingle - 1st true Protestant version in French Teh most important + influential early Christian writer on the question of the Canon was Eusebius of Caesarea (c 260-340) who intended to calrify the * Bible commenaries 1) Clossa Ordinaria (11 + 12 C) 2) Postillae of Nicholas of Lyra (1270 - 1340) 3) Additiones of Paul of Burgos

* evidence about early usage as he waste his Ecclesiastical History during the early years of the 4th Century.

II (65-134)

$2211.01

66 Oct. 77 $20 Zeitlin + Ver Brugge Los Angeles Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514.) Liber chronicarum Augsburg: Johann Schonsperger [inserted] (1481-1520) [end inserted], I Feb. 1497 folio Latin edition Ref: Goff S 308 BMC II 370 Hain C.R. 14509 Polain (B) 3470 Cop: Stan UL, HEHL Pn 1786 -cccviii (KA 14975) -JJiij (of 6) 366 leaves Fo. ii-cccxxxviii. [inserted] (28-365 numbered) [end inserted] 2 columns 51 lines + headline, 224 (232) x 135 mn. Types 300, titles; 150, headlines + headings: 87 text. Woodcuts. The headlines give the 'aetates mumdi' as far as 321 a. wood occ. from 1495 to 1500. Apparently the same in face as Quent ed (Cologne) 280- with a similar [inserted] ad [end inserted] mixture of Lombard Capitals 87 text- German + Latin text type, used from 1494 onwords. Heavy with uppper [inserted] serif overhanging + lower serif curled [end inserted] Schoensperger is 1st extent dated book is a German Regimen sanitatis printed, Sept 1481; he continued to print into the 16th C.

Printed form Kiburger's 1493 Nuremberg edition. Johann Schoensperger may be noted among the more prolific printers of illustrated books, but most of his illustrations were based on work previously issued by other printers (e.g. his German Herbarius of 22nd August 1485, based on Schoeffer's Mainz edition of March 1485, and numerous works following in the wake of the Augsburg printers, Baemler and Sorg). His use of the stencil in the colours of his botanical woodcuts in the Herbarius contrasts with Ratdolt's method of colour-printing.2

Owing to the greater handiness of size + to the considerably lower price due to the reduction of costs, these printed editions were in much greater demand than the original. Section begins folium CCXCV ggi De Sarmacia regione Europe. Before Septima etas mundi + Ultima etan mundi Colophon- folium CCCXXXVIII- Q5